HOUSTON (ICIS)–Bottle-grade US polyethylene terephthalate (PET) demand is currently in a seasonal lull and is expected to continue that way through the end of January and into February. However, demand is expected to pick up in March with healthy orders already for the month, according to market participants. Typically, demand picks up ahead of peak season which runs from Memorial Day at the end of May to Labor Day at the beginning of September, but in recent years, demand has been slow to pick up before the beginning of peak season. Historically, an increase in temperatures pushes consumers to purchase more bottled beverages. PET resins can be broadly classified into bottle, fibre or film grade, named according to the downstream applications. Bottle grade resin is the most commonly traded form of PET resin and it is used in bottle and container packaging through blow molding and thermoforming. Fibre grade resin goes into making polyester fibre, while film grade resin is used in electrical and flexible packaging applications. PET can be compounded with glass fibre for the production of engineering plastics. DAK Americas, Indorama, Nan Ya Plastics Corporation and Far Eastern New Century (FENC) are PET producers in the US.

HOUSTON (ICIS)–Here are the 2025 Americas Outlook stories which ran on ICIS news from 23 December 2024 to 3 January 2025. Click on a headline to read the full story. OUTLOOK ’25: LatAm chemicals pessimism persists as downturn could last to 2030 For many players within Latin America petrochemicals, 2025 will only be one more stop on the long downturn journey as, for many, the market’s rebalancing will only take place towards the end of the decade. OUTLOOK ’25: LatAm PE demand could finally improve from Q2 onwards Latin American polyethylene (PE) demand should start slowly in 2025, but it could take a decisive turn for the better from Q2 onwards. OUTLOOK ’25: LatAm PP supply to remain long amid squeezed margins Latin America polypropylene (PP) is expected to remain oversupplied in the first half of 2025, with producers’ margins likely to remain squeezed. OUTLOOK ’25: US economy poised for ‘solid landing’ in 2025, giving chemicals a shot at recovery For all the talk about a soft landing for the US economy, it’s looking more like a “solid landing” for 2025 with GDP growth higher than 2% for the fifth consecutive year as the labor market remains healthy and consumer spending resilient. OUTLOOK ’25: US NGL demand to rebound moderately Though demand for US natural gas liquids (NGLs) is relatively low heading into 2025 due to a general inventory glut, various industry and environmental conditions have feedstocks poised for a moderate demand rebound in 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Supply concerns will drive US ethylene market entering new year Supply concerns will dominate the US ethylene market heading into 2025 as it enters an unusually heavy turnaround season. As many as 10 crackers along the US Gulf Coast are going down for planned maintenance during Q1 and Q2. OUTLOOK ’25: US BD poised for demand, export growth as production stabilizes, grows US butadiene (BD) supplies are rebuilding at the start of 2025 as outages which limited production in 2024 are resolved, while both exports and demand are expected to grow in the new year. OUTLOOK ’25: US R-PE to see both demand extremes between high cost food-grade PCR and low cost PIR US recycled polyethylene (R-PE) markets continue to see extreme disparity between sustainability-driven and cost-sensitive grades of both post-consumer and post-industrial recycled high-density polyethylene (R-HDPE) and recycled low-density polyethylene (R-LDPE). This is expected to persist into 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: US PP navigating mediocre growth and oversupply US polypropylene (PP) is expected to be relatively less volatile in 2025, following a year where prices changed every month. Higher propylene inventory levels and improved supply expected to stabilize supply/demand dynamics. OUTLOOK ’25: US ACN demand weakness to continue amid oversupply The three-year demand decline in US acrylonitrile (ACN) markets may continue well into 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: US chem tanker market growth to support favorable rates; container market readies for port labor issues, tariffs Growth in the US liquid chemical tanker market is likely to support favorable rates in 2025, while the container shipping market could see upward pressure from possible labor strife at US Gulf and East Coast ports and proposed tariffs on Chinese imports. OUTLOOK ’25: Lackluster US aromatics demand, rising inventories pressure benzene and toluene After peaking in Q1 2024, benzene prices have declined through the latter half of the year, due to soft derivative demand. OUTLOOK ’25: US styrene market facing weak demand, overcapacity The US styrene market enters the new year facing sluggish demand, poor margins, and low operating rates. With a light maintenance season ahead, the market’s fate will be driven largely by derivative demand, which continues to face challenging headwinds. OUTLOOK ’25: US PS, EPS demand to remain soft Demand for US polystyrene (PS) is expected to remain soft into the next year with weak downstream markets, polymer recycling regulations and overall expectations of a smaller growth in the economy for 2025 compared with 2024. OUTLOOK ’25: Ample LatAm PS supply meets poor demand The Latin American polystyrene (PS) market will continue facing headwinds in 2025 on the back of weak demand across the region combined with plentiful supply. OUTLOOK ’25: US PET demand expected higher but supply disruptions, tariffs remain risks Demand for US polyethylene terephthalate (PET) should increase in 2025 if lower inflation and interest rates drive consumption with stronger growth expected in the second half of the year, but the possibilities of a trade war or supply disruption in upstream purified terephthalate acid (PTA) remain concerns. OUTLOOK ’25: LatAm PET prices pressured by economic challenges, tariff shifts Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) prices in Latin America are expected to soften in H1 2025, driven by changes in import tariffs, lower Asia prices and easing freight rates. OUTLOOK ’25: US BDO demand to strengthen on lower inflation but EV policy, tariffs may be headwinds US butanediol (BDO) demand is expected to strengthen in 2025 amid more controlled inflation and lower interest rates, but possible tariffs and changes to electric vehicle (EV) policies could be challenges. OUTLOOK ’25: US caustic soda trajectory to be impacted by PVC length, tariffs The US caustic soda market in the latter half of 2024 was shaped by a combination of supply disruptions and shifting demand dynamics on the chlorine side of the molecule. OUTLOOK ’25: US PVC faces oversupply, export challenges The US polyvinyl chloride (PVC) market is set to face significant headwinds in 2025, entering the year with abundant inventories, expanded production capacity and constrained export opportunities. The confluence of these factors points to a challenging landscape for producers as they navigate both domestic and international market pressures. OUTLOOK ’25: Latin America PVC market faces challenges from tariffs and instability in H1 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) prices in Latin America are expected to fluctuate in H1 due to various regional challenges. OUTLOOK ’25: US soda ash facing subdued demand US soda ash is facing subdued demand going into 2025 as commercial discussions wrap up. OUTLOOK ’25: US R-PET expects strong beverage demand amid international risk Though the build up to 2025 has been tumultuous, the US recycled polyethylene terephthalate (R-PET) market holds both optimism and distrust that the year will keep to its original promise. OUTLOOK ’25: US nylon demand weak amid manufacturing contraction Demand declines in US nylon markets which started in Q3 2022 will continue well into H2 2025. Demand was weak in multiple application sectors including automotive, industrial, textiles, electrical and electronics. The only application sectors that performed well were packaging and medical. OUTLOOK ’25: US phenol/acetone production to remain curtailed on soft demand US phenol demand will likely remain soft and weigh on acetone supply in H1 2025 as expectations for a rebound are tempered. OUTLOOK ’25: US MMA anticipating new supply in new year US methyl methacrylate (MMA) players are trying to gauge supply and demand dynamics amid heightened volatility going into 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: US ABS, PC look to remain pressured with weakened markets Demand for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate (PC) are expected to remain stagnant in 2025 compared with 2024 with industries like automotive, household appliances and housing markets not expecting to see increases. OUTLOOK ’25: US polyurethanes brace for Asia overcapacity and US weak demand The 2025 outlook for polyurethane (PU) products in the US is marked by the expectation of a very slow economic recovery, constrained feedstock costs, an overcapacity of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and polyols built in Asia, possible labor strikes, increases in tariffs and ongoing issues with the Red Sea’s route. OUTLOOK ’25: US PG, UPR face pressure from propylene; mild optimism for H2 demand boost remains While recent sharp declines in propylene have led to lower prices for propylene glycol (PG) in Q4 2024, the extent of the drops has been moderated by buyer interest in winter applications. OUTLOOK ’25: US acetic acid, VAM exports expected stronger, domestic demand could rise US acetic acid and vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) supply heading into 2025 is improving after production outages resolved, while tight global supply is expected to boost export demand and lower inflation may lead to stronger domestic demand. OUTLOOK ’25: US PA remains sufficiently supplied even with capacity reduction US phthalic anhydride (PA) supply will tighten in 2025 with the announced exit of a major domestic producer. Supply is expected to be sufficient to meet current demand levels, but any future demand improvement is likely to require support from increased imports. OUTLOOK ’25: US MA facing muted demand expectations US maleic anhydride (MA) is facing tempered expectations for a rebound in demand going into 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: US EG/EO demand expected higher in 2025; turnarounds to tighten Q1 supply Demand for US ethylene glycol (EG) and ethylene oxide (EO) should increase in 2025 on restocking and if lower inflation drives consumption, but this may be met with tight supply in Q1 due to plant maintenance. OUTLOOK ’25: US IPA to track upstream propylene; MEK focus on Shell’s plant closure US isopropanol (IPA) supply and demand are expected to be balanced in the first half of 2025 with price movements tracking upstream propylene. Meanwhile, the biggest issue facing the methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) market next year is the decision by Shell to shutter its production facility in the Netherlands in the first half of the year. OUTLOOK ’25: US melamine to see consequences from US antidumping ruling The antidumping (AD) and countervailing duty (CVD) petitions filed by Cornerstone on 14 February 2024 against melamine imports from Germany, India, Japan, the Netherlands, Qatar, and Trinidad and Tobago led to an investigation from the United States International Trade Commission (US ITC) that is slated to impact the melamine industry at large in 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: US President Trump could move quickly on tariffs, deregulation As US president, Donald Trump could quickly proceed on campaign promises to impose tariffs and cut regulations after taking office on 20 January. OUTLOOK ’25: US base oils seek to manage new normal amid oversupply, demand deterioration Oversupply relative to weak base oil demand is likely to persist into a third year — this year with less optimism for significant domestic demand recovery in automotive and headwinds from additional supply entering the global marketplace. OUTLOOK ’25: Squeezed import margins leave US oleochemicals markets vulnerable to supply disruptions in H1 Squeezed import margins leave US fatty acids and alcohols markets vulnerable to supply disruptions in H1 against the backdrop of a sharp increase in feedstock costs across the oil palm complex over the last quarter and sustained import logistics bottlenecks in the wider market. OUTLOOK ’25: US H1 glycerine markets to remain relatively tight amid squeezed biodiesel margins, import bottlenecks US H1 glycerine markets are expected to remain relatively tight in H1 as anticipated weaker-than-normal soy methyl ester (SME) production in Q1 stemming from pending changes to domestic biodiesel tax incentives against the backdrop of sustained import logistics bottlenecks create short-term supply gaps in kosher crude glycerine supplies. OUTLOOK ’25: US epoxy resins grappling with duty, logistics, demand issues US epoxy resins players are trying to formulate a strategy for 2025 in light of duty investigations and guarded sentiment on demand. OUTLOOK ’25: US oxo-alcohols, acrylates, plasticizers see falling feedstocks, softening demand, as market eyes potential tariffs Following declines in feedstock prices in the autumn and start of winter, oxo-alcohols, acrylate, and plasticizers continue to face demand headwinds. OUTLOOK ’25: US etac supply concerns emerge; butac, glycol ethers supply more stable but feedstock costs fall After relative stability in H1 2024, a sharp drop in feedstock prices of butyl acetate (butac) and some glycol ethers have led to volatility in US spot and contract prices in the latter half of the year. While notable declines in upstream costs have not been seen in ethyl acetate (etac) markets, there are ongoing concerns that proposed tariffs on material produced in Mexico may impact domestic availability in 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Brazil ethanol production strong; market watches forex, Combustivel do Futuro, RenovaBio The Brazilian ethanol market is facing robust domestic production and evolving global energy policies. As Brazil continues to position itself as one of the leaders in renewable energy, initiatives like Combustivel do Futuro and RenovaBio are set to play a crucial role in driving growth. OUTLOOK ’25: US methanol supply expected tight in Q1, demand may pick up mid-year US methanol supply is tight heading into the new year, a situation that has been offset by lackluster demand, but demand is expected to pick up farther into 2025 if more controlled inflation and lower interest rates fuel consumer spending and the housing market. OUTLOOK ’25: Gradual demand recovery anticipated for US TiO2 by H2 North American titanium dioxide (TiO2) demand is anticipated to gradually strengthen by H2 2025, especially if the US Federal Reserve continues to ease monetary policy.

HOUSTON (ICIS)–Here are the top stories from ICIS News from the week ended 10 January. Canada’s Trudeau resigns as prime minister Canada’s Justin Trudeau has resigned as prime minister and Liberal Party leader, with the country now set to head to the polls and return the Conservative party back into office. Mitsubishi Chem cancels plans for US MMA project Mitsubishi Chemical Corp (MCC) said on Tuesday it has decided not to proceed with its planned 350,000 tonne/year methyl methacrylate (MMA) project at Geismar, Louisiana. INSIGHT: Wall Street kicks off new year with 2025 earnings cuts for chemicals On Wall Street, hope springs eternal at the beginning of a new year, and especially for sectors that have underperformed in the past year. But for chemicals, analysts are kicking off the year with cuts to their 2025 profit forecasts as a recovery in housing, automotive and consumer durables appears to be further off in the horizon. UPDATE: Strike averted as ILA, ports reach tentative agreement Union dockworkers and US Gulf and East Coast port operators tentatively agreed to a new six-year contract Wednesday, averting a strike that was about a week away. INSIGHT: Mitsubishi cancels ethylene-based US MMA project amid global glut A surge in new methyl methacrylate (MMA) capacity in China will keep utilization rates depressed during the next few years, even with the recent decision by Mitsubishi Chemical to cancel its proposed project in the US. SHIPPING: Asia-US container rates still rising as tariff threat replaces strike concerns The tentative agreement between US Gulf and East Coast ports and dockworkers has taken some of the pressure off rates for shipping containers from Asia to the US, but the threat of tariffs proposed by President-elect Donald Trump is likely to support higher prices moving forward.

SAO PAULO (ICIS)–Here are some of the stories from ICIS Latin America for the week ended on 10 January. NEWS Brazil’s Senator, manufacturers aiming to overturn higher chemicals tariffs, charge against BraskemBrazilian senator Sergio Moro this week rallied plastic manufacturers against the October increase in import tariffs arguing it primarily benefits petrochemicals major Braskem by protecting its sales in the domestic market. Argentina’s chemicals output down 2% in November, outpacing manufacturing fallArgentina’s chemicals output fell by 2.1% in November, year on year, as the sector and peers in manufacturing continue to be one hardest hit by the recession, according to the country’s statistical office Indec. Brazil’s chemicals producer prices up nearly 12% in NovemberBrazil’s chemicals producer prices rose by 11.6% in November, year on year, the country’s statistical office IBGE said on Tuesday. Brazil’s chemicals output falls in November but annual growth at 2.4%Brazil’s chemicals output fell in November by 2.1%, month on month, according to the country’s statistical office IBGE on Wednesday. Brazil’s inflation down slightly but central bank to remain firm on hiking interest ratesBrazil’s annual rate of inflation fell slightly in December to 4.83%, compared with November’s 4.87%, according to the country’s statistics office IBGE on Friday. Mexico’s inflation keeps falling but rate cuts could slow down on global uncertaintyMexico’s annual rate of inflation fell more than expected to 4.2% in December, down from 4.5% in November, the country’s statistical office Inegi said on Thursday. Brazil’s November base oils supply exceeds demandBrazil’s base oils supply rose in November as a rebound in imports more than covered for a drop in domestic output. PRICING LatAm PP domestic prices up in Brazil on currency devaluation, higher import tariffDomestic polypropylene (PP) prices increased in Brazil on the back of currency devaluation and higher import tariff. This is the first price increase since August 2024. LatAm PE international prices increase on higher US export offersInternational polyethylene (PE) prices were assessed higher due to more expensive offers from the US.

LONDIN (ICIS)–Here are the 2025 Europe Outlook stories which ran on ICIS news from 23 December 2024 to 3 January 2025. Click on a headline to read the full story. 2025 OUTLOOKS SUMMARY OUTLOOK ’25: Global fertilizer sector braced for a tricky start to 2025 The global fertilizer sector is bracing itself for a bumpy ride moving into 2025 as it starts the year with high operating costs and struggling grain markets, making affordability for farmers and growers a key concern. OUTLOOK ‘25: New production capacity expected to drive the ammonia market in 2025 Ammonia players are expecting more supply to come onstream in 2025 which could support a subdued market. OUTLOOK ‘25: Refining constraints, Dangote disruption, cracker closures to shake Europe naphtha market After a tumultuous 2024, the outlook for the naphtha and gasoline markets in 2025 reflects a complex interplay of supply dynamics, demand fluctuations, and geopolitical factors. OUTLOOK: 2025 will be critical to Europe pyrolysis oil scalability Legislative uncertainty, long commissioning times and macroeconomic headwinds will continue to negatively weigh on European pyrolysis oil market growth and investment decisions in 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Jet fuel demand poised for take-off despite oversupply worries Jet fuel demand in Europe is expected to maintain an upward trajectory in 2025 despite a potential supply glut. However, much will depend on the airline industry’s ability to navigate through economic and geopolitical turbulence and its commitment to adopt sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). OUTLOOK ’25: Europe ethanol market could face supply challenges amid demand stability Mixed harvest yields in 2024 lead as one of several supply factors that is likely to shape the European ethanol market in 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe biodiesel to face mixed supply, sluggish blending rates Evolving supply factors are set to meet relatively stable-to-low demand in the European biodiesel market for 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: More of the same for Europe ethylene, propylene The best we can hope for is a re-run of 2024, European ethylene and propylene market players say, and there is very little expectation that Europe’s base case demand improves in any meaningful way in 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe ethanolamines market 2025 expectations subdued but braced for any supply shocks For 2025, similar underlying demand trends seen in the second half of 2024 are expected to carry across into the first half of 2025 with sentiment to remain broadly subdued. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe PE faces triple threat of cost squeeze, overcapacity, longer supply chains European polyethylene (PE) markets face a triple whammy of high local costs, overcapacity globally and the risk of lengthening supply chains at a time when global trade flows are threatened by tariff wars in 2025 OUTLOOK ’25: Economic woes to continue stifling Turkish PE/PP demand Economic concerns continue to dampen demand expectations for Turkish polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) for the first half of 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Africa PE/PP players expect year of stagnation on oversupplied market Could 2025 finally be the year? A return to healthy polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) demand across Africa? OUTLOOK ’25: Positive view for European R-LDPE packaging grades, other sectors face tough start Demand for low and high melt flow index (MFI) grades of recycled low density polyethylene (R-LDPE) from the packaging sector will continue to grow in 2025 but construction-related grades may suffer due to low end-use market demand. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe R-HDPE packaging/non-packaging divide deepens The fragmentation between packaging and non-packaging grades of Europe recycled high density polyethylene (R-HDPE) is expected to continue in 2025, while consolidation risk across the market remains high – particularly for companies heavily exposed to the construction sector. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe R-PP increasingly fragmented by end-use demand Demand for Europe recycled polypropylene (R-PP) has radically diverged by the end-use market across 2024, and this is expected to continue in 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe PP players eye pain points from old plants, tariff threats and limp manufacturing 2024 was dominated by supply-driven dynamics and 2025 looks unlikely to be much different for Europe’s polypropylene (PP) market. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe Mixed plastic waste demand remains driven by mechanical recycling in 2025 Europe mixed plastic waste demand will remain weak for as long as overall industrial production remains limited by macroeconomic headwinds. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe ACN set for another year of confined demand Downstream demand constraints brought on by geopolitics-led macroeconomic challenges are anticipated to persist into 2025 for Europe’s acrylonitrile (ACN) market. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe BDO demand pessimism to continue under the gloom of rising capacities in China There is a growing sense of apathy among players in the European butanediol (BDO) market when it comes to discussing demand hopes for 2025 as there are no expectations of an uptick and there is a prevalence of worry ahead of growing capacity in China in an already oversupplied market. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe SBR demand overshadowed by automotive challenges European styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) demand could lift slightly in January on restocking activity, but there are still longer-term concerns over the timeline for recovery of the automotive industry. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe ABS and SAN demand to stay weak, imports unclear as ABS ADD investigation begins Demand has been mostly weak throughout 2024 in the Europe acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) markets, as downstream sectors have continued to be impacted by ongoing pressures, and similar is expected to continue into 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe OX market to see little demand recovery despite lower interest rates The European orthoxylene (OX) market is gearing up for 2025 with the expectation of stable-to-slightly firmer downstream demand, in particular from the second quarter onwards. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe PX demand to remain downbeat in H1 2025 amid downstream rationalizations, imports Paraxylene (PX) demand pessimism in Europe is expected to continue in the first half of 2025 due to the rationalization of downstream purified terephthalic acid (PTA) plants in the region. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe CX, capro markets face stable, low demand in 2025 The European cyclohexane (CX) and caprolactam (capro) markets face broadly stable but overall weak demand in 2025, as a lack of optimism in key downstream sectors and ongoing challenging macroeconomic conditions hit sentiment. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe MX consumption to remain subdued Downstream requirements for mixed xylenes (MX) in Europe was limited in 2024 and there are similar expectations for 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe styrene market squeezed as imports climb, demand feeble The European styrene market is expected to face increased competition and complexity in 2025, requiring players to navigate fragile domestic supply, a bearish and uncertain demand outlook, and rising import volumes. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe PS, EPS demand mostly unchanging, potential PS import competition Throughout 2024, the Europe polystyrene (PS) market has faced stable demand at a low level, and expandable polystyrene (EPS) demand has been very weak, as ongoing pressures have continued to impact downstream activity in both markets, and 2025 could be similar. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe benzene market limps into 2025 as supply surplus, demand uncertainty prevails The Europe benzene market is expected to see generally sufficient supply in the first half of 2025, with tightness likely only in the Mediterranean region. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe toluene supply conditions to be in better shape than demand Consumption of toluene in Europe ended up limited in 2024 with supply in relatively in good condition, with similar views for 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe PET/PTA markets hang by a thread in battle to survive The polyethylene terephthalate (PET) value chain in Europe remains in survival mode as consumption is negatively affected by macroeconomics, while costs and logistics remain challenging. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe R-PET hopes for better year but challenges remain Participants across the European recycled polyethylene terephthalate (R-PET) market are hoping for better demand from Q1 2025 after the Single Use Plastics Directive (SUPD) comes into force in January, but cheap PET, imports of R-PET flake and pellet, and unpredictable consumer spending all pose potential problems. OUTLOOK ’25: European MEG supply more limited at end Q1, demand expectations bearish European monethylene glycol (MEG) supply could be more balanced at the end of the first quarter or beginning of the second on turnarounds, but general concerns surrounding oversupply and slow demand continue to dampen expectations of a sustained market recovery. OUTLOOK ’25: Low but steady demand expected in Europe nylon market Europe nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 markets face ongoing low but overall stable demand in 2025, as key downstream markets are in peril from persistently challenging macroeconomic conditions and low end-buyer demand. OUTLOOK 25’: PVC demand may return to growth but unlikely to offset overcapacity The polyvinyl chloride (PVC) market in Europe is likely to see a modest recovery in 2025 after demand weakness in 2024, but this will be offset by excess global capacity and low utilization rates at existing plants. OUTLOOK 25’: Last caustic soda producer to sit down is out 2025 is likely to resemble a high-stakes game of musical chairs for European chlor-alkali producers. OUTLOOK ’25: Ample supply for Europe acetic acid and VAM despite import constraints, outages Weak demand was the most significant influence on European acetic acid and derivative vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) conditions throughout 2024. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe AA bracing for ‘more of the same’ for 2025 The Europe acrylic acid (AA) market is bracing itself for “more of the same” with the challenges of 2024 set to roll into the New Year. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe acrylate esters bracing for continued challenges in 2025 The Europe acrylate ester market is bracing for the challenges of 2024 to continue into 2025, with added geopolitical and economic volatility. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe MMA set to see 2024 challenges continue into 2025 The Europe methyl methacrylate (MMA) is bracing itself for the challenges seen in 2024 to continue into the New Year. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe PMMA hoping for demand growth, but bracing for stagnant market The Europe polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) market is bracing for 2025 to be “more of the same” with the challenges of 2024 continuing. OUTLOOK ’25: European phenol and acetone markets face demand stagnation and global capacity growth in 2025 Fresh global capacity, low domestic demand, logistics difficulties and volatile feedstocks will all challenge Europe’s phenol and acetone markets in 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: European refinery solvents to track feedstocks in 2025, demand trends unchanged In 2025, European refinery solvents markets will be pinned to the developments in upstream crude and energy sectors. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe methylene chloride consumption to remain stable in H1 Demand for methylene chloride (MEC) in Europe is projected to stay stable at a low level, as persistent challenges that plagued the market in 2024 are expected to continue in 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe EO demand expected to lift slightly in January European ethylene oxide (EO) 2025 discussions largely centred around stable-to-soft agreements, depending on starting point and account, at the end of 2024, even as demand is expected to increase in January. OUTLOOK ’25: Demand stagnates, capacity expands in Europe MPG, PO markets Players in the European mono propylene glycol (MPG) and upstream propylene oxide (PO) markets expect familiar challenges, including oversupply and weak demand, will persist well into 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe polyols and isocyanates demand recovery handicapped by sluggish downstream markets The polyols and isocyanates market in Europe is finishing 2024 with lethargic consumption, with 2025 being held back by slow momentum from major end user sectors. OUTLOOK ’25: Slow start to 2025 expected in Europe propylene glycol ethers market, no significant supply concerns A subdued start is anticipated in the European market for propylene glycol ethers in 2025. Price changes are expected to continue to be led by availability fluctuations with few anticipating much demand recovery in the first half of the year and potentially beyond. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe butyl glycol ethers market set for lacklustre H1 2025, focus remains on availability The outlook for the European butyl glycol (BG) and butyl di-glycol (BdG) market is largely subdued heading into 2025. Despite a spate of planned maintenances scheduled for Q1, there is not significant supply concern in the main. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe BPA market set to navigate various challenges The European bisphenol A (BPA) market is not likely to face an easy ride in terms of demand in 2025, with no sign of any recovery in key end sectors, a few lost outlets structurally and with competition from Asia likely to remain strong. OUTLOOK ’25: MA, PA demand weakness ongoing, H1 supply outlooks differ but Asian reliance growing European maleic anhydride (MA) and phthalic anhydride (PA) markets in Europe will face similar supply-demand dynamics in 2025 to those in 2024, with a challenging macroeconomic environment expected to continue crippling demand for most of the year and complex supply scenarios with difficult logistics continuing. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe melamine still in survival mode amid poor demand, high production costs European melamine suppliers remain pressured by high production costs and low margins heading into 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe IPA and MEK supply to remain ample despite import constraints, capacity consolidation The European isopropanol (IPA) and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) markets were defined by muted consumption and ample availability for most of 2024. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe ECH supply rather than demand under the spotlight for 2025 Europe epichlorohydrin (ECH) supply rather than demand is likely to be subject to more change in 2025, in view of Westlake’s ECH Pernis plant idling and possible adjusted trade flows in response to various trade defense cases and measures. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe fatty acids, alcohols to grapple with ongoing high feedstock costs in H1 European oleochemicals face another challenging year ahead, with squeezed fatty alcohol supply and improved palm-based fatty acids availability versus elevated feedstock costs. OUTLOOK ’25: EU epoxy players on the cusp of a new normal, pending EU AD decision EU Epoxy market players are preparing for a new normal in 2025 and shifts in sourcing strategy, based on expected anti-dumping (AD) duties on Chinese and other Asian product, but the prospect of a recovery remains slim. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe paraffin wax market likely to see minimal demand recovery The forecast for European paraffin wax in 2025 is weak, particularly during the first half. The market is expected to face ongoing challenges like those experienced in 2024. OUTLOOK ’25: EU ADD leverage on Chinese TiO2 imports dimmed by weak demand The final EU anti-dumping measures on Chinese TiO2 imports are unlikely to bring any domestic support into 2025, despite profitability struggles in the TiO2 industry, as the underlying demand outlook remains bleak. OUTLOOK ’25: Poland’s Azoty, Orlen face hard yards on journey back to health When in November Poland’s Grupa Azoty fairly leapt at the chance to move into the government-backed production of explosives, it served as a further confirmation of the deep hole Europe’s second largest fertilizer maker finds itself in.

LONDON (ICIS)–Here are some of the top stories from ICIS Europe for the week ended 10 January. Europe chems at breaking point, urgent action needed – Cefic A new report commissioned by Cefic, Europe’s main petrochemical trade group, highlights the industry’s dire situation and calls for swift action to ensure its survival. Definitive EU ADDs on Chinese TiO2 imports get green light; graphic printing inks exempt Recently modified definitive EU antidumping duties (ADDs) have officially been applied to titanium dioxide (TIO2) imports from China with effect 9 January, except for TiO2 imports used in the production of white graphic printing inks, according to the European Commission. Europe butadiene outlook fairly positive, at least for H1 2025 European butadiene (BD) market sentiment for 2025 is reasonably positive, particularly for producers, and especially so for the first half of the year. Firming upstream costs put upward pressure on Europe PX, OX January contract talks Europe’s paraxylene (PX) and orthoxylene (OX) contract price discussions for January will be impacted by firming feedstock mixed xylenes (MX) and gas costs, according to market sources. Europe PP buyers await January offers, watch for restocking signs Polypropylene (PP) players in Europe are waiting for offers from sellers to emerge, with many returning from Christmas and New Year holidays on 6-7 January.

SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Oil prices surged by more than $1/barrel on Monday on supply disruption concerns following latest round of US sanctions against Russia’s energy sector. Russian supply to top purchasers India, China may be hit Oil gains in recent weeks partly driven by strong winter demand US may tighten sanctions on Iran oil exports under Trump The new sanctions, imposed on 10 January, mark the US’ most sweeping measures yet, targeting companies and vessels engaged in Russia’s oil production and exports. “The United States is taking sweeping action against Russia’s key source of revenue for funding its brutal and illegal war against Ukraine,” US treasury secretary Janet Yellen had said on 10 January. “With today’s actions, we are ratcheting up the sanctions risk associated with Russia’s oil trade, including shipping and financial facilitation in support of Russia’s oil exports.” The sanctions were imposed on 183 vessels, of which 143 are tankers, said Matt Wright, lead freight analyst at data and analytics firm France-based Kpler said in a note. The tankers included are a combination of Russian-owned and “shadow fleet” vessels. The package of sanctions is the largest to target the Russian shipping market since the invasion in 2022, Wright said. “Shadow fleet” refers to ships indirectly owned or controlled by Russia through shell companies or intermediaries to evade detection and sanctions. The latest sanctions targeted 117 crude oil tankers, with 102 of them transported Russian crude to China and/or India at least once in 2024, and 11 exclusively moving arctic crude from oil fields to export terminals within Russia, according to Wright. “When it comes to buyers, China and India, in general, tend to steer clear of dealing directly with tankers and entities blacklisted by the US Treasury,” he said. China’s state-owned Shandong Port Group on 7 January issued a ban on vessels listed under the US Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) from docking at its facilities – a precautionary step to avoid potential liabilities as President-elect Donald Trump prepares to return to the White House in just two weeks, Wright said. In 2024, nearly half of China’s seaborne imports of Russian crude oil were sourced through the eastern province of Shandong, according to Wright. Shandong province is home to a high concentration of independent small or “teapot” refineries, which play a significant role in oil imports of the world’s second-biggest economy. “The new sanctions disrupting Russian oil exports are expected to drive up Russian crude price differentials in China and India in the short term, potentially reaching parity with non-sanctioned grades of similar quality,” he added. India, which is a giant emerging market in Asia, has significantly increased imports of Russian oil since the Ukraine invasion, taking advantage of discounted prices and becoming one of the top buyers of Russian crude. The newly sanctioned tankers handled over 530 million barrels of Russian crude exports last year, accounting for about 42% of Russia’s total seaborne crude exports, according to Kpler data. Over half of this volume or around 300 million barrels was shipped to China, making up roughly 61% of China’s seaborne imports of Russian oil. The bulk of the remaining volume went to India, accounting for nearly a third of the south Asian nation’s total intake of Russian oil, it said. The US Department of State said that is also taking steps to reduce Russia’s energy revenues by blocking two active liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects, a large Russian oil project, and third-country entities supporting Russia’s energy exports. Russia’s foreign ministry on 11 January denounced the US sanctions against its energy sector, saying that it would respond to the country’s “hostile” actions. Crude prices have surged in recent weeks, driven by winter demand, falling US stockpiles, and speculation that the incoming Donald Trump administration in the US will tighten sanctions on Iranian oil exports. Meanwhile, Texas refineries are bracing for an onslaught of cold, snow and freezing rain as the first major winter storm sweeps the southern region of the US, with January projected to be the coldest in 11 years. Focus article by Nurluqman Suratman (Updates with latest prices in interactive, adds details throughout)  Thumbnail image: A foreign oil tanker at Qingdao port in Shandong province, China, on 29 November 2024.(Costfoto/NurPhoto/Shutterstock)

SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Click here to see the latest blog post on Asian Chemical Connections by John Richardson. Last year, ICIS estimated that China’s polypropylene (PP) capacity exceeding its demand was 6.9m tonnes. This is expected to reach 11.6m tonnes in 2025, which would be an increase of 68%. As recently as 2009, China’s PP capacity was 4.4m tonnes short of local demand. It was only in 2021 – the year of the Evergrande Turning Point and following China’s 2014 decision to push much harder towards chemicals and polymers self-sufficiency – that China moved into a slight surplus of 0.3m tonnes. The surplus jumped to 2.2m tonnes in 2022 as China’s long-term economic downturn began to take hold. Now let us look at China’s percentage shares of total global PP capacity exceeding demand from 1992 onwards, when the Chemicals Supercycle began. In 2009, China’s percentage share of total global PP capacity exceeding demand was minus 53% This year, China’s percentage share is expected to reach no less than 46%, ten percentage points higher than 2024, eclipsing all other regions which are expected to be in the single digits. Just how difficult this year will turn out to be will of course depend on the strength of China’s demand growth A Chinese economist suggests that last year’s real GDP growth in China was less than 2.5% rather than the official government estimate of 5%. China’s population may have been 130m lower in 2020 than the official government estimate, according to the ICIS economist Kevin Swift. The lower the economic growth then of course the lower the demand growth for PP and other chemicals and polymers and the greater the overhang of China’s PP capacity versus local demand, further reducing China’s need for PP imports. In January-November 2024, China’s exports of PP reached 2.2m tonnes versus 1.3m tonnes in 2024 and only 425,000 tonnes as recently as 2020. There is obviously the potential for exports to be even higher in 2025 in an environment of weak local demand growth and the capacity additions. How much higher will depend on the levels of protectionism. PP producers elsewhere may well, I believe, seek more antidumping, safeguard and tariff protection. We must also consider how the pace of China’s PP capacity and production growth will be affected by its ability to indirectly export PP as packaging for or components of finished goods. Increased protectionism could again play a role here, in reaction to the belief that China as aggressively raised its exports of low, medium and high-value manufactured goods since 2021 in order to compensate for the collapse of the real-estate bubble. Take a deep breath, stand back from the market noise, think what the ICIS data is telling you and build scenarios to get through 2025. Editor’s note: This blog post is an opinion piece. The views expressed are those of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of ICIS.

SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Oil prices surged by more than $1/barrel on Monday on supply disruption concerns following latest round of US sanctions against Russia’s energy sector. Product Latest Previous Change Brent March 81.26 79.76 1.50 WTI February 78.14 76.57 1.57 The new sanctions, imposed on 10 January, mark the US’ most sweeping measures yet, targeting major Russian oil exporters, insurance firms, and more than 150 tankers. “The United States is taking sweeping action against Russia’s key source of revenue for funding its brutal and illegal war against Ukraine,” US treasury secretary Janet Yellen had said on 10 January. “With today’s actions, we are ratcheting up the sanctions risk associated with Russia’s oil trade, including shipping and financial facilitation in support of Russia’s oil exports.” The US Department of State said that is also taking steps to reduce Russia’s energy revenues by blocking two active liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects, a large Russian oil project, and third-country entities supporting Russia’s energy exports. Russia’s foreign ministry on 11 January denounced the US sanctions against its energy sector, saying that it would respond to the country’s “hostile” actions. Crude prices have surged in recent weeks, driven by winter demand, falling US stockpiles, and speculation that the incoming Donald Trump administration in the US will tighten sanctions on Iranian oil exports. Meanwhile, Texas refineries are bracing for an onslaught of cold, snow and freezing rain as the first major winter storm sweeps the southern region of the US, with January this year projected to be the coldest in 11 years.