SAO PAULO (ICIS)–Here are some of the stories from ICIS Latin America for the week ended on 10 January. NEWS Brazil’s Senator, manufacturers aiming to overturn higher chemicals tariffs, charge against BraskemBrazilian senator Sergio Moro this week rallied plastic manufacturers against the October increase in import tariffs arguing it primarily benefits petrochemicals major Braskem by protecting its sales in the domestic market. Argentina’s chemicals output down 2% in November, outpacing manufacturing fallArgentina’s chemicals output fell by 2.1% in November, year on year, as the sector and peers in manufacturing continue to be one hardest hit by the recession, according to the country’s statistical office Indec. Brazil’s chemicals producer prices up nearly 12% in NovemberBrazil’s chemicals producer prices rose by 11.6% in November, year on year, the country’s statistical office IBGE said on Tuesday. Brazil’s chemicals output falls in November but annual growth at 2.4%Brazil’s chemicals output fell in November by 2.1%, month on month, according to the country’s statistical office IBGE on Wednesday. Brazil’s inflation down slightly but central bank to remain firm on hiking interest ratesBrazil’s annual rate of inflation fell slightly in December to 4.83%, compared with November’s 4.87%, according to the country’s statistics office IBGE on Friday. Mexico’s inflation keeps falling but rate cuts could slow down on global uncertaintyMexico’s annual rate of inflation fell more than expected to 4.2% in December, down from 4.5% in November, the country’s statistical office Inegi said on Thursday. Brazil’s November base oils supply exceeds demandBrazil’s base oils supply rose in November as a rebound in imports more than covered for a drop in domestic output. PRICING LatAm PP domestic prices up in Brazil on currency devaluation, higher import tariffDomestic polypropylene (PP) prices increased in Brazil on the back of currency devaluation and higher import tariff. This is the first price increase since August 2024. LatAm PE international prices increase on higher US export offersInternational polyethylene (PE) prices were assessed higher due to more expensive offers from the US.

LONDIN (ICIS)–Here are the 2025 Europe Outlook stories which ran on ICIS news from 23 December 2024 to 3 January 2025. Click on a headline to read the full story. 2025 OUTLOOKS SUMMARY OUTLOOK ’25: Global fertilizer sector braced for a tricky start to 2025 The global fertilizer sector is bracing itself for a bumpy ride moving into 2025 as it starts the year with high operating costs and struggling grain markets, making affordability for farmers and growers a key concern. OUTLOOK ‘25: New production capacity expected to drive the ammonia market in 2025 Ammonia players are expecting more supply to come onstream in 2025 which could support a subdued market. OUTLOOK ‘25: Refining constraints, Dangote disruption, cracker closures to shake Europe naphtha market After a tumultuous 2024, the outlook for the naphtha and gasoline markets in 2025 reflects a complex interplay of supply dynamics, demand fluctuations, and geopolitical factors. OUTLOOK: 2025 will be critical to Europe pyrolysis oil scalability Legislative uncertainty, long commissioning times and macroeconomic headwinds will continue to negatively weigh on European pyrolysis oil market growth and investment decisions in 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Jet fuel demand poised for take-off despite oversupply worries Jet fuel demand in Europe is expected to maintain an upward trajectory in 2025 despite a potential supply glut. However, much will depend on the airline industry’s ability to navigate through economic and geopolitical turbulence and its commitment to adopt sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). OUTLOOK ’25: Europe ethanol market could face supply challenges amid demand stability Mixed harvest yields in 2024 lead as one of several supply factors that is likely to shape the European ethanol market in 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe biodiesel to face mixed supply, sluggish blending rates Evolving supply factors are set to meet relatively stable-to-low demand in the European biodiesel market for 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: More of the same for Europe ethylene, propylene The best we can hope for is a re-run of 2024, European ethylene and propylene market players say, and there is very little expectation that Europe’s base case demand improves in any meaningful way in 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe ethanolamines market 2025 expectations subdued but braced for any supply shocks For 2025, similar underlying demand trends seen in the second half of 2024 are expected to carry across into the first half of 2025 with sentiment to remain broadly subdued. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe PE faces triple threat of cost squeeze, overcapacity, longer supply chains European polyethylene (PE) markets face a triple whammy of high local costs, overcapacity globally and the risk of lengthening supply chains at a time when global trade flows are threatened by tariff wars in 2025 OUTLOOK ’25: Economic woes to continue stifling Turkish PE/PP demand Economic concerns continue to dampen demand expectations for Turkish polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) for the first half of 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Africa PE/PP players expect year of stagnation on oversupplied market Could 2025 finally be the year? A return to healthy polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) demand across Africa? OUTLOOK ’25: Positive view for European R-LDPE packaging grades, other sectors face tough start Demand for low and high melt flow index (MFI) grades of recycled low density polyethylene (R-LDPE) from the packaging sector will continue to grow in 2025 but construction-related grades may suffer due to low end-use market demand. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe R-HDPE packaging/non-packaging divide deepens The fragmentation between packaging and non-packaging grades of Europe recycled high density polyethylene (R-HDPE) is expected to continue in 2025, while consolidation risk across the market remains high – particularly for companies heavily exposed to the construction sector. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe R-PP increasingly fragmented by end-use demand Demand for Europe recycled polypropylene (R-PP) has radically diverged by the end-use market across 2024, and this is expected to continue in 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe PP players eye pain points from old plants, tariff threats and limp manufacturing 2024 was dominated by supply-driven dynamics and 2025 looks unlikely to be much different for Europe’s polypropylene (PP) market. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe Mixed plastic waste demand remains driven by mechanical recycling in 2025 Europe mixed plastic waste demand will remain weak for as long as overall industrial production remains limited by macroeconomic headwinds. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe ACN set for another year of confined demand Downstream demand constraints brought on by geopolitics-led macroeconomic challenges are anticipated to persist into 2025 for Europe’s acrylonitrile (ACN) market. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe BDO demand pessimism to continue under the gloom of rising capacities in China There is a growing sense of apathy among players in the European butanediol (BDO) market when it comes to discussing demand hopes for 2025 as there are no expectations of an uptick and there is a prevalence of worry ahead of growing capacity in China in an already oversupplied market. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe SBR demand overshadowed by automotive challenges European styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) demand could lift slightly in January on restocking activity, but there are still longer-term concerns over the timeline for recovery of the automotive industry. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe ABS and SAN demand to stay weak, imports unclear as ABS ADD investigation begins Demand has been mostly weak throughout 2024 in the Europe acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) markets, as downstream sectors have continued to be impacted by ongoing pressures, and similar is expected to continue into 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe OX market to see little demand recovery despite lower interest rates The European orthoxylene (OX) market is gearing up for 2025 with the expectation of stable-to-slightly firmer downstream demand, in particular from the second quarter onwards. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe PX demand to remain downbeat in H1 2025 amid downstream rationalizations, imports Paraxylene (PX) demand pessimism in Europe is expected to continue in the first half of 2025 due to the rationalization of downstream purified terephthalic acid (PTA) plants in the region. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe CX, capro markets face stable, low demand in 2025 The European cyclohexane (CX) and caprolactam (capro) markets face broadly stable but overall weak demand in 2025, as a lack of optimism in key downstream sectors and ongoing challenging macroeconomic conditions hit sentiment. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe MX consumption to remain subdued Downstream requirements for mixed xylenes (MX) in Europe was limited in 2024 and there are similar expectations for 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe styrene market squeezed as imports climb, demand feeble The European styrene market is expected to face increased competition and complexity in 2025, requiring players to navigate fragile domestic supply, a bearish and uncertain demand outlook, and rising import volumes. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe PS, EPS demand mostly unchanging, potential PS import competition Throughout 2024, the Europe polystyrene (PS) market has faced stable demand at a low level, and expandable polystyrene (EPS) demand has been very weak, as ongoing pressures have continued to impact downstream activity in both markets, and 2025 could be similar. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe benzene market limps into 2025 as supply surplus, demand uncertainty prevails The Europe benzene market is expected to see generally sufficient supply in the first half of 2025, with tightness likely only in the Mediterranean region. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe toluene supply conditions to be in better shape than demand Consumption of toluene in Europe ended up limited in 2024 with supply in relatively in good condition, with similar views for 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe PET/PTA markets hang by a thread in battle to survive The polyethylene terephthalate (PET) value chain in Europe remains in survival mode as consumption is negatively affected by macroeconomics, while costs and logistics remain challenging. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe R-PET hopes for better year but challenges remain Participants across the European recycled polyethylene terephthalate (R-PET) market are hoping for better demand from Q1 2025 after the Single Use Plastics Directive (SUPD) comes into force in January, but cheap PET, imports of R-PET flake and pellet, and unpredictable consumer spending all pose potential problems. OUTLOOK ’25: European MEG supply more limited at end Q1, demand expectations bearish European monethylene glycol (MEG) supply could be more balanced at the end of the first quarter or beginning of the second on turnarounds, but general concerns surrounding oversupply and slow demand continue to dampen expectations of a sustained market recovery. OUTLOOK ’25: Low but steady demand expected in Europe nylon market Europe nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 markets face ongoing low but overall stable demand in 2025, as key downstream markets are in peril from persistently challenging macroeconomic conditions and low end-buyer demand. OUTLOOK 25’: PVC demand may return to growth but unlikely to offset overcapacity The polyvinyl chloride (PVC) market in Europe is likely to see a modest recovery in 2025 after demand weakness in 2024, but this will be offset by excess global capacity and low utilization rates at existing plants. OUTLOOK 25’: Last caustic soda producer to sit down is out 2025 is likely to resemble a high-stakes game of musical chairs for European chlor-alkali producers. OUTLOOK ’25: Ample supply for Europe acetic acid and VAM despite import constraints, outages Weak demand was the most significant influence on European acetic acid and derivative vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) conditions throughout 2024. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe AA bracing for ‘more of the same’ for 2025 The Europe acrylic acid (AA) market is bracing itself for “more of the same” with the challenges of 2024 set to roll into the New Year. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe acrylate esters bracing for continued challenges in 2025 The Europe acrylate ester market is bracing for the challenges of 2024 to continue into 2025, with added geopolitical and economic volatility. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe MMA set to see 2024 challenges continue into 2025 The Europe methyl methacrylate (MMA) is bracing itself for the challenges seen in 2024 to continue into the New Year. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe PMMA hoping for demand growth, but bracing for stagnant market The Europe polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) market is bracing for 2025 to be “more of the same” with the challenges of 2024 continuing. OUTLOOK ’25: European phenol and acetone markets face demand stagnation and global capacity growth in 2025 Fresh global capacity, low domestic demand, logistics difficulties and volatile feedstocks will all challenge Europe’s phenol and acetone markets in 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: European refinery solvents to track feedstocks in 2025, demand trends unchanged In 2025, European refinery solvents markets will be pinned to the developments in upstream crude and energy sectors. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe methylene chloride consumption to remain stable in H1 Demand for methylene chloride (MEC) in Europe is projected to stay stable at a low level, as persistent challenges that plagued the market in 2024 are expected to continue in 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe EO demand expected to lift slightly in January European ethylene oxide (EO) 2025 discussions largely centred around stable-to-soft agreements, depending on starting point and account, at the end of 2024, even as demand is expected to increase in January. OUTLOOK ’25: Demand stagnates, capacity expands in Europe MPG, PO markets Players in the European mono propylene glycol (MPG) and upstream propylene oxide (PO) markets expect familiar challenges, including oversupply and weak demand, will persist well into 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe polyols and isocyanates demand recovery handicapped by sluggish downstream markets The polyols and isocyanates market in Europe is finishing 2024 with lethargic consumption, with 2025 being held back by slow momentum from major end user sectors. OUTLOOK ’25: Slow start to 2025 expected in Europe propylene glycol ethers market, no significant supply concerns A subdued start is anticipated in the European market for propylene glycol ethers in 2025. Price changes are expected to continue to be led by availability fluctuations with few anticipating much demand recovery in the first half of the year and potentially beyond. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe butyl glycol ethers market set for lacklustre H1 2025, focus remains on availability The outlook for the European butyl glycol (BG) and butyl di-glycol (BdG) market is largely subdued heading into 2025. Despite a spate of planned maintenances scheduled for Q1, there is not significant supply concern in the main. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe BPA market set to navigate various challenges The European bisphenol A (BPA) market is not likely to face an easy ride in terms of demand in 2025, with no sign of any recovery in key end sectors, a few lost outlets structurally and with competition from Asia likely to remain strong. OUTLOOK ’25: MA, PA demand weakness ongoing, H1 supply outlooks differ but Asian reliance growing European maleic anhydride (MA) and phthalic anhydride (PA) markets in Europe will face similar supply-demand dynamics in 2025 to those in 2024, with a challenging macroeconomic environment expected to continue crippling demand for most of the year and complex supply scenarios with difficult logistics continuing. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe melamine still in survival mode amid poor demand, high production costs European melamine suppliers remain pressured by high production costs and low margins heading into 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe IPA and MEK supply to remain ample despite import constraints, capacity consolidation The European isopropanol (IPA) and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) markets were defined by muted consumption and ample availability for most of 2024. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe ECH supply rather than demand under the spotlight for 2025 Europe epichlorohydrin (ECH) supply rather than demand is likely to be subject to more change in 2025, in view of Westlake’s ECH Pernis plant idling and possible adjusted trade flows in response to various trade defense cases and measures. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe fatty acids, alcohols to grapple with ongoing high feedstock costs in H1 European oleochemicals face another challenging year ahead, with squeezed fatty alcohol supply and improved palm-based fatty acids availability versus elevated feedstock costs. OUTLOOK ’25: EU epoxy players on the cusp of a new normal, pending EU AD decision EU Epoxy market players are preparing for a new normal in 2025 and shifts in sourcing strategy, based on expected anti-dumping (AD) duties on Chinese and other Asian product, but the prospect of a recovery remains slim. OUTLOOK ’25: Europe paraffin wax market likely to see minimal demand recovery The forecast for European paraffin wax in 2025 is weak, particularly during the first half. The market is expected to face ongoing challenges like those experienced in 2024. OUTLOOK ’25: EU ADD leverage on Chinese TiO2 imports dimmed by weak demand The final EU anti-dumping measures on Chinese TiO2 imports are unlikely to bring any domestic support into 2025, despite profitability struggles in the TiO2 industry, as the underlying demand outlook remains bleak. OUTLOOK ’25: Poland’s Azoty, Orlen face hard yards on journey back to health When in November Poland’s Grupa Azoty fairly leapt at the chance to move into the government-backed production of explosives, it served as a further confirmation of the deep hole Europe’s second largest fertilizer maker finds itself in.

LONDON (ICIS)–Here are some of the top stories from ICIS Europe for the week ended 10 January. Europe chems at breaking point, urgent action needed – Cefic A new report commissioned by Cefic, Europe’s main petrochemical trade group, highlights the industry’s dire situation and calls for swift action to ensure its survival. Definitive EU ADDs on Chinese TiO2 imports get green light; graphic printing inks exempt Recently modified definitive EU antidumping duties (ADDs) have officially been applied to titanium dioxide (TIO2) imports from China with effect 9 January, except for TiO2 imports used in the production of white graphic printing inks, according to the European Commission. Europe butadiene outlook fairly positive, at least for H1 2025 European butadiene (BD) market sentiment for 2025 is reasonably positive, particularly for producers, and especially so for the first half of the year. Firming upstream costs put upward pressure on Europe PX, OX January contract talks Europe’s paraxylene (PX) and orthoxylene (OX) contract price discussions for January will be impacted by firming feedstock mixed xylenes (MX) and gas costs, according to market sources. Europe PP buyers await January offers, watch for restocking signs Polypropylene (PP) players in Europe are waiting for offers from sellers to emerge, with many returning from Christmas and New Year holidays on 6-7 January.

SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Oil prices surged by more than $1/barrel on Monday on supply disruption concerns following latest round of US sanctions against Russia’s energy sector. Russian supply to top purchasers India, China may be hit Oil gains in recent weeks partly driven by strong winter demand US may tighten sanctions on Iran oil exports under Trump The new sanctions, imposed on 10 January, mark the US’ most sweeping measures yet, targeting companies and vessels engaged in Russia’s oil production and exports. “The United States is taking sweeping action against Russia’s key source of revenue for funding its brutal and illegal war against Ukraine,” US treasury secretary Janet Yellen had said on 10 January. “With today’s actions, we are ratcheting up the sanctions risk associated with Russia’s oil trade, including shipping and financial facilitation in support of Russia’s oil exports.” The sanctions were imposed on 183 vessels, of which 143 are tankers, said Matt Wright, lead freight analyst at data and analytics firm France-based Kpler said in a note. The tankers included are a combination of Russian-owned and “shadow fleet” vessels. The package of sanctions is the largest to target the Russian shipping market since the invasion in 2022, Wright said. “Shadow fleet” refers to ships indirectly owned or controlled by Russia through shell companies or intermediaries to evade detection and sanctions. The latest sanctions targeted 117 crude oil tankers, with 102 of them transported Russian crude to China and/or India at least once in 2024, and 11 exclusively moving arctic crude from oil fields to export terminals within Russia, according to Wright. “When it comes to buyers, China and India, in general, tend to steer clear of dealing directly with tankers and entities blacklisted by the US Treasury,” he said. China’s state-owned Shandong Port Group on 7 January issued a ban on vessels listed under the US Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) from docking at its facilities – a precautionary step to avoid potential liabilities as President-elect Donald Trump prepares to return to the White House in just two weeks, Wright said. In 2024, nearly half of China’s seaborne imports of Russian crude oil were sourced through the eastern province of Shandong, according to Wright. Shandong province is home to a high concentration of independent small or “teapot” refineries, which play a significant role in oil imports of the world’s second-biggest economy. “The new sanctions disrupting Russian oil exports are expected to drive up Russian crude price differentials in China and India in the short term, potentially reaching parity with non-sanctioned grades of similar quality,” he added. India, which is a giant emerging market in Asia, has significantly increased imports of Russian oil since the Ukraine invasion, taking advantage of discounted prices and becoming one of the top buyers of Russian crude. The newly sanctioned tankers handled over 530 million barrels of Russian crude exports last year, accounting for about 42% of Russia’s total seaborne crude exports, according to Kpler data. Over half of this volume or around 300 million barrels was shipped to China, making up roughly 61% of China’s seaborne imports of Russian oil. The bulk of the remaining volume went to India, accounting for nearly a third of the south Asian nation’s total intake of Russian oil, it said. The US Department of State said that is also taking steps to reduce Russia’s energy revenues by blocking two active liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects, a large Russian oil project, and third-country entities supporting Russia’s energy exports. Russia’s foreign ministry on 11 January denounced the US sanctions against its energy sector, saying that it would respond to the country’s “hostile” actions. Crude prices have surged in recent weeks, driven by winter demand, falling US stockpiles, and speculation that the incoming Donald Trump administration in the US will tighten sanctions on Iranian oil exports. Meanwhile, Texas refineries are bracing for an onslaught of cold, snow and freezing rain as the first major winter storm sweeps the southern region of the US, with January projected to be the coldest in 11 years. Focus article by Nurluqman Suratman (Updates with latest prices in interactive, adds details throughout)  Thumbnail image: A foreign oil tanker at Qingdao port in Shandong province, China, on 29 November 2024.(Costfoto/NurPhoto/Shutterstock)

SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Click here to see the latest blog post on Asian Chemical Connections by John Richardson. Last year, ICIS estimated that China’s polypropylene (PP) capacity exceeding its demand was 6.9m tonnes. This is expected to reach 11.6m tonnes in 2025, which would be an increase of 68%. As recently as 2009, China’s PP capacity was 4.4m tonnes short of local demand. It was only in 2021 – the year of the Evergrande Turning Point and following China’s 2014 decision to push much harder towards chemicals and polymers self-sufficiency – that China moved into a slight surplus of 0.3m tonnes. The surplus jumped to 2.2m tonnes in 2022 as China’s long-term economic downturn began to take hold. Now let us look at China’s percentage shares of total global PP capacity exceeding demand from 1992 onwards, when the Chemicals Supercycle began. In 2009, China’s percentage share of total global PP capacity exceeding demand was minus 53% This year, China’s percentage share is expected to reach no less than 46%, ten percentage points higher than 2024, eclipsing all other regions which are expected to be in the single digits. Just how difficult this year will turn out to be will of course depend on the strength of China’s demand growth A Chinese economist suggests that last year’s real GDP growth in China was less than 2.5% rather than the official government estimate of 5%. China’s population may have been 130m lower in 2020 than the official government estimate, according to the ICIS economist Kevin Swift. The lower the economic growth then of course the lower the demand growth for PP and other chemicals and polymers and the greater the overhang of China’s PP capacity versus local demand, further reducing China’s need for PP imports. In January-November 2024, China’s exports of PP reached 2.2m tonnes versus 1.3m tonnes in 2024 and only 425,000 tonnes as recently as 2020. There is obviously the potential for exports to be even higher in 2025 in an environment of weak local demand growth and the capacity additions. How much higher will depend on the levels of protectionism. PP producers elsewhere may well, I believe, seek more antidumping, safeguard and tariff protection. We must also consider how the pace of China’s PP capacity and production growth will be affected by its ability to indirectly export PP as packaging for or components of finished goods. Increased protectionism could again play a role here, in reaction to the belief that China as aggressively raised its exports of low, medium and high-value manufactured goods since 2021 in order to compensate for the collapse of the real-estate bubble. Take a deep breath, stand back from the market noise, think what the ICIS data is telling you and build scenarios to get through 2025. Editor’s note: This blog post is an opinion piece. The views expressed are those of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of ICIS.

SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Oil prices surged by more than $1/barrel on Monday on supply disruption concerns following latest round of US sanctions against Russia’s energy sector. Product Latest Previous Change Brent March 81.26 79.76 1.50 WTI February 78.14 76.57 1.57 The new sanctions, imposed on 10 January, mark the US’ most sweeping measures yet, targeting major Russian oil exporters, insurance firms, and more than 150 tankers. “The United States is taking sweeping action against Russia’s key source of revenue for funding its brutal and illegal war against Ukraine,” US treasury secretary Janet Yellen had said on 10 January. “With today’s actions, we are ratcheting up the sanctions risk associated with Russia’s oil trade, including shipping and financial facilitation in support of Russia’s oil exports.” The US Department of State said that is also taking steps to reduce Russia’s energy revenues by blocking two active liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects, a large Russian oil project, and third-country entities supporting Russia’s energy exports. Russia’s foreign ministry on 11 January denounced the US sanctions against its energy sector, saying that it would respond to the country’s “hostile” actions. Crude prices have surged in recent weeks, driven by winter demand, falling US stockpiles, and speculation that the incoming Donald Trump administration in the US will tighten sanctions on Iranian oil exports. Meanwhile, Texas refineries are bracing for an onslaught of cold, snow and freezing rain as the first major winter storm sweeps the southern region of the US, with January this year projected to be the coldest in 11 years.

SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Here are the top stories from ICIS News Asia and the Middle East for the week ended 10 January. China to accelerate hydrogen use in transportation, industrial sectors after 2035 By Patricia Tao 06-Jan-25 14:32 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–China is aggressively promoting hydrogen in transportation and industrial sectors as part of its transition from fossil fuels. Vietnam Q4 GDP expands 7.55%, full-year ’24 growth at 7.09% By Jonathan Yee 06-Jan-25 16:39 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Vietnam’s economy expanded by 7.55% year on year in the fourth quarter on recovering global demand even amid heavy losses from Typhoon Yagi, official preliminary data showed. Malaysia’s ADDs on China’s PET exports weigh on spot discussions By Judith Wang 08-Jan-25 15:09 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Malaysia’s announcement of provisional antidumping duties (ADDs) on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) imports from China and Indonesia has cast a shadow on spot discussions. PODCAST: Asia ethylene to be impacted by US turnarounds, supply from northeast Asia By Damini Dabholkar 08-Jan-25 16:17 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Asia ethylene editor Josh Quah and analyst Aliena Huang talk about the Asia outlook for ethylene arbitrage cargoes for 2025 with markets editor Damini Dabholkar. INSIGHT: China govt summit emphasises stabilising growth, sets tone for 2025 petchems demand By Joey Zhou 08-Jan-25 17:25 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–The Central Economic Work Conference (CEWC) held in Beijing from December 11th to 12th provided a general direction for China’s economic development in 2025. China’s Shandong Port bars entry of US-sanctioned vessels By Fanny Zhang 08-Jan-25 21:04 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–China’s Shandong Port Group has stopped US-sanctioned vessels from calling into ports under its control, according to a company notice. India acetic acid supply tightens; prices on rebound By Hwee Hwee Tan 09-Jan-25 14:06 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–India’s spot market for acetic acid imports staged a surprise recovery from late December, buoyed by fears of curtailed supplies from China into January. China’s PPI deflation persists; more economic stimulus expected in 2025 By Fanny Zhang 09-Jan-25 16:10 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–China is expected to announce more stimulus policies in 2025 to boost lackluster growth and reverse a prolonged deflation in wholesale prices, according to analysts. INSIGHT: China’s polyolefin industry seeks higher-end products amid structural overcapacity By Zhibo Xiao 09-Jan-25 19:11 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–China’s rapid expansion in PP and PE production has led to structural overcapacity in PP and a shrinking supply-demand gap for PE. Meanwhile, the shifting consumption landscape has driven a surge in demand for high-end polyolefin materials, creating a substantial market gap. Weak demand, stiff competition prompt Asia rPET producers to cut prices By Arianne Perez 10-Jan-25 10:51 SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Majority of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) flakes and pellets producers cut spot cargo prices as January opens in attempts to stoke buying interest from downstream buyers.

SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Here are the 2025 Asia Outlook stories which ran on ICIS news from 23 December 2024 to 3 January 2025. Click on a headline to read the full story. 2025 OUTLOOKS SUMMARY OUTLOOK ’25: Asia naphtha Q1 sentiment upbeat on better demand Asia’s naphtha market has rebounded from oversupply and weak demand, with sentiment expected to be lifted higher by gasoline buying interest, refinery maintenance and new cracker startups. OUTLOOK ’25: New C2 capacity in SE Asia may transform landscape While southeast Asian ethylene markets will see – by far – a smaller capacity expansion in 2025 compared to northeast Asia, expansion in the former is already shaping up to be significantly more impactful. INSIGHT: NE Asia C2 oversupply makes for soft landing in 2025 Northeast Asia ethylene markets are facing a wave of new China-led capacities in 2025 that will tip the fundamental scales further into oversupply for the continent. OUTLOOK ‘25: Asia, India brace for potentially more ethanolamines from China Participants in southeast Asia and India are bracing for a potential deluge of Chinese cargoes flowing into their markets in the first quarter of 2025. OUTLOOK ‘25: SE Asia PE to see sluggish start to 2025 as slow demand persists The southeast Asian polyethylene (PE) market is expected to face a sluggish start to the new year, with strong pricing competition and slow demand likely to guide sentiment. OUTLOOK ’25: China PE faces surge in domestic capacity, trade challenges Despite expectations for a mild recovery in China’s polyethylene (PE) demand in 2025, supported by the country’s stimulus policies, a supply-demand imbalance is likely to exert pressure on both domestic and foreign PE markets. OUTLOOK ‘25: South Asia PE, PP face supply pressure India’s polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) markets are expected to face sustained pressure amid healthy domestic supply. However, strong domestic demand growth is likely to aid market rebalancing to some extent. OUTLOOK ’25: Tourism, plant turnarounds, geopolitics to shape Mideast PP/PE markets Weak market demand and an overall bearish sentiment were prevalent in both the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and East Mediterranean (East Med) polymer markets in Q4 2024. OUTLOOK ’25: Demand for premium rPE, rPP cargoes from Asia to gain support from brands Sustainability targets of major brand owners will continue to lend support to the uptake of high-quality recycled polyolefins with certifications, in 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia C3 poised for sustained capacity expansions, increased spot talks Oversupply has been a running theme for the Asian propylene (C3) market for the past few years, as many C3 plants started up in the post-pandemic period while consumer demand struggled to keep up as economic recovery slowed. OUTLOOK ’25: China propylene market may enter a new cycle on fewer new PDH units expected China’s propylene market will continue to see new units come onstream in 2025, and the market may enter a new phase of structural transformation with the new capacities mainly coming from steam crackers and propane dehydrogenation (PDH) units. OUTLOOK ’25: Supply overhang maintains pressure on SE Asia PP market Southeast Asia’s polypropylene (PP) market will continue to see pressure from oversupply, which will lengthen further as new projects in China commence commercial operation. OUTLOOK ’25: China’s PP supply-demand imbalance to intensify, exports to continue China’s polypropylene (PP) market is expected to become increasingly imbalanced in 2025, driven by continued export growth and a decline in imports. OUTLOOK ’25: China BD supply and demand to increase, exports to balance market In 2025, butadiene (BD) capacity in China will expand and supply tightness in the local market is expected to ease compared with 2024. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia ACN supply growth to outpace demand, margins under pressure The acrylonitrile (ACN) market is likely to face another challenging year for regional producers with oversupply and competition from China to keep the wider Asia market under pressure. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia BDO remains a buyer’s market amid oversupply The Asia 1,4-butanediol (BDO) market is expected to come under even more pressure, with capacities in China still increasing and demand not keeping up with the expansions. OUTLOOK ’25: China BDO to remain mired in supply glut China’s supply surplus in 1,4-butanediol (BDO) is expected to extend into 2025 amid a heavy schedule of new capacities – a situation that is likely to see domestic suppliers press for new solutions. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia PBT demand weakness continues, capacities stay idled In 2024, the Asian polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) market saw regional producers facing more competition from China-origin materials due to overcapacity there. OUTLOOK ’25: Uneven automotive sector growth weighs on Asia synthetic rubber demand Import demand for various synthetic rubber grades in Asia – from styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR), polybutadiene rubber (PBR) to acrylonitrile-butadiene-rubber (NBR) – will lean on how recovery and growth of major downstream industries behave. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia PX looks to downstream demand growth, gasoline markets The paraxylene (PX) markets in Asia may fare better in 2025 than in 2024 due to capacity expansions in the downstream purified terephthalic acid (PTA) sector amid controlled run rates at PX facilities. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia MX to face persistent headwinds from lackluster derivatives demand The Asia mixed xylenes (MX) market is likely to see an extension of its existing demand struggles and bearish market sentiment going into 2025, with limited significant fundamental upturn expected in the long run. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia SM market focuses on China exports, contract-spot trade-offs For Asia’s styrene monomer (SM) market players, the year 2024 was marked by squeezed margins, slow consumption recovery and a gradually transforming trade landscape. OUTLOOK ’25: China styrene expansion slows, all eyes on trade flows The pace of styrene capacity expansion in China is expected to slow in 2025, with only four units being put into operation including Shandong Chambroad Petrochemicals, Shandong Yulong PC, PetroChina Jilin and PetroChina Guangxi. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia PS/EPS to see further competition and track SM changes Despite slow global end-consumption recovery for polystyrene (PS) and expandable polystyrene (EPS), Asian suppliers’ margins remained at workable levels, with production adjustment and flexible inventory management in second-half 2024. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia benzene to begin new year on upbeat note The benzene markets in Asia are expected to rebound in H1 2025 from the traditional slowdown seen in Q4 2024, on the back demand drivers from both the East and the West. OUTLOOK ’25: China benzene to remain tightly balanced, supply growth to lag demand China’s benzene market is expected to remain tightly balanced into 2025 on expectations of a rise in both supply and demand, although supply tightness may ease next year compared with 2024. OUTLOOK ‘25: Asia toluene market gears up for volatility, demand likely modest Asia toluene markets are bracing for a challenging trading environment, amid anticipated moderate demand in the first half of 2025 and increased supply. OUTLOOK ’25: China toluene seeks export opportunities amid subsiding gasoline demand The average price of China toluene during January-November 2024 fell by around 4% compared to the full-year average in 2023, according to ICIS data. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia PET capacity additions to slow; trade flow shift continues Asia’s polyethylene terephthalate (PET) new capacity expansions are expected to slow down in 2025, while the global trade flow may shift further with more trade restrictions against Chinese exports. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia PTA supply growth to outstrip demand, margins under pressure The purified terephthalic acid (PTA) market is expected to face a challenging year in 2025, with further expansion in supply, while demand is likely unable to catch up with the supply growth. OUTLOOK ’25: China PTA supply glut to increase despite slowing capacity expansion The capacity growth of China’s purified terephthalic acid (PTA) is expected to slow to about 8.3 million tonnes/year in 2025, down from 11.25 million tonnes/year in 2023. The 2024 capacity addition of 7.2 million tonnes/year was also lower than the 2023 level. OUTLOOK ‘25: China MEG market to see limited new capacities, slowing demand growth Planned new China monoethylene glycol (MEG) capacity for 2025 is still relatively limited, and fundamentals may not exert significant pressure, providing some support to the MEG market. OUTLOOK ’25: China DEG supply remains high, cautious outlook for demand Despite a lack of new capacity, domestic diethylene glycol (DEG) output still rose sharply in 2024 driven by improved co-product monoethylene glycol (MEG) margins. OUTLOOK ’25: China’s capro self-sufficiency reshapes Asia trade The caprolactam (capro) market in the Asia-Pacific region in 2024 saw China achieve self-sufficiency as it shifted its trade status from a net importer to a net exporter. China looks to solidify its position as a key exporter in the region with an additional 600,000 tonnes/year of capro capacity to come online in 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: China strengthens position in Asia-Pacific nylon trade The Asia-Pacific nylon market in 2024 saw demand grow largely in the Chinese domestic market due to increased demand for industrial plastics. OUTLOOK ’25: China caps ACN run rates, looks to increase exports The supply of acrylonitrile (ACN) in China’s domestic market is expected to increase significantly in 2025, especially because Sinopec Zhenhai Refining & Chemical (ZRCC) and Sinochem Quanzhou are due to start up new units in the first half of the year. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia EDC suppliers to focus on contractual commitments amid suppressed demand Asia’s ethylene dichloride (EDC) spot market is expected to remain structurally thin into 2025 due to lackluster downstream performance. OUTLOOK ’25: Mideast PVC trade shifts expected amid India ADDs, China supply growth Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) supply is expected to improve in the coming year with new capacities to the tune of 2 million tonnes slated to come online in China. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia caustic soda demand growth likely to be uneven Asia’s caustic soda spot market holds an optimistic demand outlook for certain markets, but players acknowledge that difficulties remain as market players head into 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Producers tweak Asia VAM plants as China supply-demand rebalances Tightening supply is expected to support vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) spot prices in Asia amid differing downstream demand outlooks for China and other major Asia markets. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia MMA trade flows shift significantly The winds of change are blowing hard for the methyl methacrylate (MMA) industry in Asia, with market players having witnessed significant shifts in trade flows and price influences in 2024. OUTLOOK ’25: China MMA to face export opportunities amid capacity changes worldwide Global supply and demand growth for methyl methacrylate (MMA) is expected to be roughly balanced in 2025, with capacity growth mainly concentrated in China and the US. OUTLOOK ’25: New capacity to weigh on Asia phenol/acetone market Asia’s phenol/acetone to feedstock spread may remain in the negative territory for the fourth consecutive year amid new capacities and a gloomy demand outlook even as the industry undergoes capacity consolidation. OUTLOOK ’25: China phenol to face persistent supply-demand challenges China’s phenol capacity will continue to expand in 2025, but this will meet limited demand increases due to downstream margin pressure. OUTLOOK ’25: China’s acetone market to see increases in both supply and demand In 2025, both supply and demand for acetone in China are expected to increase, but there are market concerns that issues in some downstream sectors may limit the actual demand growth. OUTLOOK ’25: China to dominate growth of Asia EVA supply, demand 2024 marked the year that China shifted to lower imports of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), and 2025 is set to see capacity additions in China increasingly meet demand growth – mainly from the downstream photovoltaics (PV) sector. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia PO imports demand likely to weaken further Asia’s propylene oxide (PO) import markets are likely to face further weakening in demand in 2025, with supply in China set to lengthen. OUTLOOK’25: China PO market faces challenge of oversupply China’s propylene oxide (PO) capacity is expected to continue to grow in 2025 even as downstream capacity expands. Players largely hold the view oversupply will continue. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia polyols demand outlook mixed but pessimism dominant Demand in the Asian region for slabstock polyether polyols is expected to be flat for the first half of 2025, with the outlook for H2 hazy but largely pessimistic. OUTLOOK ’25: Middle East polyols face supply pressures The Middle East polyols markets are expected to remain under pressure in 2025 due to persistent excess supply, relatively weak demand, and ongoing supply chain disruptions. These challenges are compounded by the addition of new polyols and propylene oxide (PO) capacities, macroeconomic uncertainties, and the volatility of upstream feedstock markets. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia isocyanates demand likely hampered, supply lengthy Asian import markets of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and toluene diioscyanate (TDI) are set to face lengthy supply in 2025, and the downstream sectors are likely to continue facing headwinds. OUTLOOK ’25: Middle East isocyanates face demand, freight challenges In 2024, the isocyanates market in the Middle East experienced significant disruptions in shipping and supply chains due to a prolonged regional conflict. Despite these challenges, imports of polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (PMDI) increased year on year, while export volumes remained steady. Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) trade volumes were largely stable across both imports and exports. OUTLOOK ’25: Asian PC market downturn to persist Asia’s polycarbonate (PC) market is expected to remain downbeat in the next quarter as import demand is anticipated to be subdued but supplies will stay persistently high. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia’s bisphenol A market faces challenges in 2025 Asia’s bisphenol A (BPA) market will remain hampered by ample supplies and weak demand through the first quarter of 2025 as trade wars impact exports of countries involved in the conflict and further erode consumer confidence. OUTLOOK ’25: China BPA capacity to expand further, export outlets sought New Chinese bisphenol A (BPA) capacities are expected to come into operation in 2025, which may reduce the country’s reliance on imports and help China turn into a major exporter to broader Asia. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia’s MA demand anticipated to pick up in Q1 on stimulus measures Asia’s maleic anhydride (MA) demand is expected to strengthen in early 2025 on restocking ahead of the Lunar New Year holidays. China’s planned economic stimulus measures to boost its domestic economy is likely to lend positive support to MA demand. OUTLOOK ’25: SE Asia to drive phthalic anhydride demand in early 2025 Sellers of lower priced Chinese origin phthalic anhydride (PA) material are expected to focus on southeast Asia post Lunar New Year, where demand is expected to remain firm in the first quarter of 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: China plasticizers demand to remain subdued amid ample domestic supplyChina’s import market for plasticizers will likely continue to see thin trade in 2025, as demand for imports has steadily dwindled amid ample domestic supplies. OUTLOOK ’25: China 2-EH to face supply-demand headwinds in Q1 China’s 2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) market will face a challenging year in 2025, particularly in the first quarter, as a result of more ample supply and uncertainty in downstream demand. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia to become net MIBK exporter in new year An excess methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) capacity emerging in Asia has dampened spot prices in the region and widened the arbitrage for trade across the Atlantic heading into 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia acetic acid supply glut to balloon on capacity expansion Asia acetic acid supply is likely to outstrip demand on the back of China’s significant capacity growth into 2025, prompting producers to review regional plant run rates and supply contracts. OUTLOOK ‘25: China acetic acid to rely on cost support amid supply growth While China’s acetic acid market experienced fluctuations in 2024 , the mismatch in the growth of upstream and downstream capacities allowed acetic acid suppliers to maintain relatively healthy margins for most of the time. OUTLOOK ’25: China acrylic acid supply to rise, exports and run rates monitored China’s acrylic acid market is expected to see increasing supply in 2025 due to start-ups of new plants, and participants may turn their attention to the export market in the face of weak growth potential in domestic demand. OUTLOOK ’25: China NBA supply to remain limited, demand to pick up in Q1 China’s domestic n-butanol (NBA) supply may remain tight in the first quarter of 2025, due to no unit start-up plans, multiple scheduled maintenance outages and low import volumes, while the launch of new downstream capacities may boost demand. OUTLOOK ’25: Lack of demand outlets may limit growth for Asia adipic acid Asia’s adipic acid markets have been through a tough 2024 on both demand and supply fronts. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia LAB remains stagnant, continues to underperform mid-cut fatty alcohols The Asia linear alkylbenzene (LAB) market remained mostly flat in the fourth quarter of 2024, and the malaise in the market looks set to continue into 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia ABS, SAN to start year on upbeat note The acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) markets in Asia are expected to start the new year on an upbeat note after festivity-driven trades, amid caution about possible tariffs on exports to the US. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia melamine demand could gain momentum, H2 ’25 capacity additions monitored Asia’s melamine market could see some support in early 2025 from improving demand in China’s export market as buyers replenish inventories ahead of the Lunar New Year at end-January. OUTLOOK ‘25: Asia IPA margin pressure to persist amid new capacity Isopropanol (IPA) makers in Asia are bracing for a challenging start to 2025 as production margins remain poor and upcoming new capacity in China could disrupt market balance. OUTLOOK ‘25: Asia MEK tight supply may ease; cost pressure to persist Asia’s methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) markets gleaned support from tightened China supply in H2 December. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia glycol ethers face demand headwinds, BG may tighten in Q2 The butyl glycol (BG) markets in Asia could see ample supply against a backdrop of tepid demand in Q1 2025, but supply could tighten in Q2. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia ECH, LER oversupply to endure, ADD investigations to shape trade flows Asia’s epichlorohydrin (ECH) and liquid epoxy resins (LER) markets will continue to grapple with regional oversupply, while antidumping duty (ADD) investigations of Asian LER makers in the US and Europe will shape trade flows. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia fatty acids demand to remain tepid in Q1 on upstream oil palm volatility Asia’s fatty acids demand for the first quarter of 2025 is expected to be tepid, due to volatility in the upstream oil palm complex and weak consumer confidence. OUTLOOK ’25: Volatile feedstock to weigh on Asia fatty alcohol mid-cuts in Q1 Buyers and sellers of fatty alcohols mid-cuts in Asia are expected to tussle over the market’s trajectory in the first quarter of 2025 amid volatile feedstock palm kernel oil (PKO) prices. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia glycerine Q1 supply may rise on Indonesia mandate Asia’s glycerine supply may increase in the first quarter of 2025 as Indonesia is poised to increase its biodiesel mandate to B40 in January 2025, up from B35 in 2024. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia soap noodles demand tepid in Q1 on upstream volatility Asia’s soap noodles demand is likely to remain tepid in the first quarter of 2025 amid expected continued volatility in upstream crude palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel oil (PKO) markets. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia FAE demand to remain tepid in Q1 amid squeezed margins Asia’s demand for fatty alcohol ethoxylates (FAE) is likely to remain stable in the first quarter of 2025, but spot offers may be revised up due to squeezed margins. OUTLOOK ‘25: Asia Group II/III base oils supply to rise, demand to improve from March An increase in the supply of Asia Group II base oils is expected to gain traction from around mid-2025, with supply of heavy grade 500/600N likely to remain relatively tighter than that of light grade 150N. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia Group I base oils to navigate supply tightness Entering into 2025, structural supply tightness of Group I base oils will remain the key market driver.  Where substitution is more likely, such as for SN150 and SN500, price dynamics will also depend on supply length for Group II 150N and 500N. On the other hand, brightstock availability will be a challenge amid supply disruptions in 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: China base oils demand unlikely to rebound sharply; imports to fall further Overall demand for base oils in China is unlikely to improve significantly in 2025, because the domestic economy will still face challenges. Base oils imports have been in a downtrend since 2020, and the market share of domestically produced cargoes has been continuously rising, which will extend into 2025. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia’s oxo-alcohols market braces for oversupply, squeezed margins Asia’s oxo-alcohols spot markets are poised for a rocky year ahead due to oversupply and weak derivative margins, while a large buy-sell gap between Chinese buyers and Asian exporters will likely lead to more merchant volumes. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia AA, acrylates to see increased competition, slow demand growth The Asia glacial acrylic acid (AA) and acrylates market is going to see capacity expanding at a faster pace in 2025 than the expected demand growth in Asia. OUTLOOK ‘25: Asia etac, butac demand skewed towards conservative in H1 2025 Asia ethyl acetate (etac) and butyl acetate (butac) markets are bracing for a challenging demand landscape over the first half of 2025, factoring in supply length and macroeconomic concerns. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia chemical freight unlikely to stir in Q1 2025 The chemical tanker market in Asia is expected to soften into Q1 2025, with lackluster demand persisting amid a likely warmer winter in the northern hemisphere. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia methanol demand still uncertain amid new capacities The outlook for methanol in Asia continues to be uncertain, with factors such as additional capacity, seasonal gas issues and upcoming downstream demand expected to play a role in this. OUTLOOK ’25: China’s methanol demand growth may outpace supply increase amid slowing expansion China’s methanol market may remain balanced to tight in the first half of 2025, as supply increase may fall behind demand growth, but domestic and overseas supply are expected to sustain modest growth. OUTLOOK ’25: Asia MTBE demand to depend on gasoline, China’s oversupply remains The outlook for Asian methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) remains uncertain, with factors such as added supply in China, volatility in crude prices and demand for gasoline expected to impact market movements in the coming months. OUTLOOK ’25: China MTBE supply-demand imbalance to intensify, exports remain key More capacity expansions and a lack of growth in gasoline blending amid sluggish domestic gasoline demand will keep methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) producers in China under heavy pressure to maintain domestic sales in 2025, with exports still their main area for growth momentum. OUTLOOK ‘25: China titanium dioxide makers poised for challenges ahead Players in Asia’s spot titanium dioxide (TiO2) market are set to start the new year with two big questions.

HOUSTON (ICIS)–The tentative agreement between US Gulf and East Coast ports and dockworkers has taken some of the pressure off rates for shipping containers from Asia to the US, but the threat of tariffs proposed by President-elect Donald Trump is likely to support higher prices moving forward. Supply chain advisors Drewry expect importers to continue front-loading volumes ahead of anticipated tariff hikes. Global average rates from Drewry rose by 2% this week, as shown in the following chart. Rates from Shanghai to Los Angeles surged by more than 13%, and rates from Shanghai to New York jumped by almost 10%, as shown in the following chart from Drewry. Rates from online freight shipping marketplace and platform provider Freightos showed a similar surge, with rates to the West Coast soaring by 23% and rates to the East Coast jumping by 13%. Upward pressure on rates persists as imports are expected to continue to surge because of potential increases in tariffs, according to the National Retail Federation (NRF). “The new [ILA] contract brings certainty and avoids disruptions, and we hope to see it ratified as soon as possible,” NRF Vice President for Supply Chain and Customs Policy Jonathan Gold said. But Gold said because the agreement came at the last minute, retailers were already bringing in spring merchandise early to ensure that they would be well-stocked to serve their customers in case of another disruption, resulting in higher imports. “The surge in imports has also been driven by President-elect Trump’s plan to increase tariffs because retailers want to avoid higher costs that will eventually be paid by consumers,” Gold said. “The long-term impact on imports remains to be seen.” The Global Port Tracker from the NRF and Hackett Associates, shows in the following chart that US ports handled 2.17 million TEUs (20-foot equivalent units) in November, although the ports of New York and New Jersey have yet to report final data. That was down 3.2% from October but up 14.7% year over year. Ports have yet to report December data, but Global Port Tracker projected the month at 2.24 million TEU, up 19.2% year over year. That would bring 2024 to 25.6 million TEU, up 15.2% from 2023. January is forecast at 2.16 million TEU, up 10% year over year; February at 1.87 million TEU, down 4.5% because of Lunar New Year factory shutdowns in China. Thumbnail image shows a container ship. Photo by Shutterstock