SINGAPORE (ICIS)–Japan’s manufacturing purchasing managers’ index (PMI) fell to 49.0 in November from the final reading of 49.2 in October on weaker output and new orders, preliminary estimates from au Jibun Bank showed on Friday. A PMI reading above 50 indicates expansion while a lower number denotes contraction. The November figure marks the fifth consecutive month of contraction for the manufacturing sector of the world’s third-biggest economy. Both output and new orders experienced declines in the latest survey period, with output falling by the largest degree since April, au Jibun Bank said in a statement. Spare capacity increased due to sustained declines in new orders and a resulting fall in backlogs. Additionally, firms decreased employment levels for the first time since February. Although input cost inflation eased to a seven-month low, it remained steep, and the rate of charge inflation was the highest since July.

HOUSTON (ICIS)–Fertilizer developer Genesis Fertilizers announced it has signed a Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) agreement with South Korean construction firm DL Engineering & Construction (DL E&C) for their proposed low-carbon nitrogen fertilizer facility in Saskatchewan, Canada. The company said DL E&C’s expertise in world-class fertilizer plant design is evident in their successful of the Ma’aden Ammonia III project in Saudi Arabia and exemplifies their ability to deliver complex projects on time and under budget. Genesis Fertilizers also noted that the FEED phase will establish the essential technical and design groundwork for building a facility that is both safe and efficient with DL E&C set to collaborate with Canada’s PCL Construction throughout preconstruction. They will be charged with creating a comprehensive blueprint, which integrates advanced carbon capture technology, that can deliver sequestration of up to 1 million tonnes of CO₂ annually. The FEED phase is scheduled to start in December and begin setting defined timelines for the project as the company is targeting to have commercial operations underway by 2029. “This FEED agreement is a monumental step in our journey to deliver sustainable, low-carbon fertilizer for Western Canadian farmers,” said Genesis Fertilizers CEO Jason Mann. “Thanks to years of planning, and support from our farming community, we now have a clear path forward for the design of the facility.” “While there is still work to do to finance and construct a cutting-edge fertilizer plant, we are excited to collaborate with DL E&C and PCL Construction to make this vision a reality and bring lasting benefits to Canadian agriculture.” As proposed, there would eventually be both ammonia and urea production at the site with plans to have 75% of output for farmer commitments with the balance sold on the open market. As a vertically integrated, farmer-owned initiative, Genesis Fertilizers intends to return profits directly to its farmer-owners and the company said it recognizes the critical role of farmers, whose support to date has driven this initiative forward. The company said through this project it is seeking to reduce dependency on imports of nitrogen fertilizers by providing a sustainable, farmer-owned alternative.

CARTAGENA, Colombia (ICIS)–Next year’s annual summit of the Latin American Petrochemical and Chemical Association (APLA) will take place in Cancun, Mexico, the organizers confirmed on Thursday. APLA 2025 will take place in November 2025 in the Mexican resort city in Cancun, Mexico. According to APLA, 940 delegates registered for this year’s annual summit, which concluded on Thursday in Cartagena, Colombia. That figure represented an increase of 4.4% compared to the 900 registered attendees at last year’s annual summit in Sao Paulo. “In 2024, we have had a record number of registered delegates as well as of participating companies, with 350 firms,” said APLA’s director general, Manuel Diaz. The 44th APLA annual meeting takes place 18-21 November in Cartagena, Colombia.

CARTAGENA, Colombia (ICIS)–Logistics are getting even more challenging, as climate change, armed conflicts and tariffs are making planning difficult, shipping experts said on a panel discussion at the Latin American Petrochemical and Chemical Association (APLA) Annual Meeting. “External threats are happening in a more frequent manner. So it’s harder for companies to plan and organize logistics and do just-in-time (JIT),” said Natalia Gil Betancourt, economic research leader at the Port of Cartagena. “Because of the armed conflict in the Red Sea, cargoes take 10-14 days longer and that has an impact and cost transferred to the end consumer,” she added. Trade wars and tariffs, part of deglobalization, along with reshoring, will also generate higher costs for the consumer, she noted. Meanwhile, the Panama Canal Authority, which has been hit by drought in late 2022 through 2024, will be under pressure to generate more revenue for the country, said Gabriel Mariscal, business manager – ship agency division at port agency services provider CB Fenton. “Strong El Ninos now occur more often – not once in 20 years. Droughts are more frequent. With climate, you don’t know what’s going to happen,” said Mariscal. Betancourt and Mariscal spoke on a panel at the APLA Annual Meeting. Droughts took down Panama Canal transits from 36 per day, to just around 18 during the worst point, he noted. The Panama Canal Authority is likely to consider new rules to raise profitability, including segmenting prices by type of vessel or even by emissions, he said. Meanwhile, ports are strategic convergence points and should work with industries such as chemicals as strategic partners, said Betancourt. “Anticipating things is very complicated. For example, COVID was a Black Swan event. Another issue is the rearranging of supply chains. Shipping agencies are also reorganizing networks and strategic pathways. All this will impact availability and cost,” said Betancourt. The 44th APLA annual meeting takes place 18-21 November in Cartagena, Colombia. Thumbnail image shows a container ship passing through the Panama Canal. Courtesy the Panama Canal Authority

HOUSTON (ICIS)–The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) could make a decision any day that would allow California to adopt an aggressive electric vehicle program, triggering similar programs in 12 other states and territories that will likely become the target for repeal under President-Elect Donald Trump. During his campaign, Trump has expressed opposition to policies that favor one drive-train technology over another, saying that he would  “cancel the electric vehicle mandate and cut costly and burdensome regulations”. California’s EV program is called Advanced Clean Cars II (ACC II), and it works by requiring EVs, fuel cells and plug-in hybrids to make up an ever-increasing share of the state’s auto sales. Other programs that encourage the adoption of EVs could be more vulnerable to repeal and rollbacks under Trump ACC II COULD BOOST EV DEMAND IN 13 STATESBefore California can adopt its ACC II program for EVs, it needs the EPA to grant it a waiver from the US Clean Air Act.  The California Air Resources Board (CARB) said it is expecting a decision from the EPA at any time. If the EPA receives the waiver, then it will trigger the adoption of similar ACC II programs the following states and territories. The figures in parentheses represent each state’s share of light-vehicle registrations. California (11.6%) New York (5.6%) Colorado (1.8%) Oregon (1.0%) Delaware (0.3%) Rhode Island (0.3%) Maryland (1.8%) Vermont (0.3%) Massachusetts (2.1%) Washington (1.9%) New Jersey (3.4%) Washington DC (not available) New Mexico (0.5) Source: CARB In total, the 13 states and territories represent at least 30.6% of US light-vehicle registrations, according to CARB. HOW THE ACCII SUPPORTS EV DEMANDThe following chart shows the share of electric-based vehicles that would need to be sold in California by model year under the state’s ACC II regulations. Programs in other states and territories have similar targets. ZEV stands for zero-emission vehicle and includes EVs and vehicles with fuel cells Source: California Air Resources Board REPEALING THE ACC IIThe key to California’s ACC II programs is the EPA’s decision to grant it a waiver to the Clean Air Act. Trump will likely revoke that waiver if it is granted before he takes office, according to the law firm Gibson Dunn. It expects that California will respond by threatening to retroactively enforce the ACC II program once a friendlier president takes office after Trump’s term ends in four years. Auto makers could choose to take California’s threat seriously and reach an agreement with the state. A similar scenario unfolded during Trump’s first term of office in 2016-2020 that involved California’s earlier Advanced Clean Cars (ACC) program, according to Gibson Dunn. That program also required a waiver from the EPA, and the dispute was resolved only after Joe Biden restored the waiver after becoming president in 2021. For the possible dispute over the ACC II program, it could take the courts determine whether California can retroactively enforce the program. FEDERAL PROGRAMS ARE MORE VULNERABLE TO REPEALThe following federal programs could be more vulnerable to roll backs under Trump. The Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) recent tailpipe rule, which gradually restricts emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from light vehicles. The Department of Transportation’s (DoT) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) program, which mandates fuel-efficiency standards. These standards became stricter in 2024. A tax credit worth up to $7,500 for buyers of EVs under the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). Trade groups have argued that the CAFE standards and the tailpipe rules are so strict, they function as effective EV programs. They allege that automobile producers can only meet them by making more EVs. The following table shows the current tailpipe rule. Figures are listed in grams of CO2 emitted per mile driven. 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 Cars 131 139 125 112 99 86 73 Trucks 184 184 165 146 128 109 90 Total Fleet 168 170 153 136 119 102 85 Source: EPA The following table shows the fuel efficiency standards under the current CAFE program. Figures are in miles/gallon. 2022 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 Passenger cars 44.1 60.0 61.2 62.5 63.7 65.1 Light trucks 32.1 42.6 42.6 43.5 44.3 45.2 Light vehicles 35.8 47.3 47.4 48.4 49.4 50.4 Source: DOT Gibson Dunn expect Trump’s administration will rescind the tailpipe rule and roll back the CAFE standards to levels for model year 2020 vehicles. That would lower the CAFE standards for light vehicles to 35 miles/gal. EVS AND CHEMICALSEVs represent a small but growing market for the chemical industry, because they consume a lot more plastics and chemicals than automobiles powered by ICEs. A mid-size EV contains 45% more plastics and polymer composites and 52% more synthetic rubber and elastomers, according to a May 2024 report by the American Chemistry Council (ACC). EVs also contain higher value materials such as carbon fiber composites and semiconductors, making the total value of chemistry in the automobiles up to 85% higher than in a comparable ICE, according to the ACC. The following chart compares material consumptions in EVs and ICEs. Source: ACC EVs have material challenges that go beyond making them lighter and more energy efficient, such as managing heat from their batteries and tolerating high voltages. Major chemical and material producer are eager to develop materials that can meet these challenges and command the price premiums offered by EVs. Most have EV portfolios and prominently feature them at trade shows A rollback of US incentives for EVs could slow their adoption and weaken demand for these materials. Materials most vulnerable to these rollbacks would include heat management fluids and chemicals used to make electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries, such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC). Other materials used in batteries include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE). Insight by Al Greenwood Thumbnail shows an EV. Image by Michael Nigro/Pacific Press/Shutterstock

LONDON (ICIS)–Europe adipic acid and downstream nylon 6,6 markets face bleak prospects for demand in December, followed by a broadly flat outlook in 2025, with overall weak consumption from key derivative markets. Over the past few months, very slow demand and ample supply have continued to dominate European markets alongside rising costs of production. In this latest podcast, ICIS editors Meeta Ramnani and Marta Fern share the latest developments and expectations for what lies ahead. Seasonal destocking to weaken buying interest further in December Demand could stay low in 2025; recovery depends on macroeconomic factors Q1 2025 could bring restocking; its magnitude unclear Asian adipic acid import volumes likely to increase in Q1

CARTAGENA, Colombia (ICIS)–Mexico’s nearshoring trend will continue, even with the prospect of changes with the incoming US Trump administration as the US and Mexico economies are growing more and more interconnected, said the head of Evonik’s Mexico business. “Mexico is the 14th largest global economy, and an economy geared for exports – not only to North America but other regions,” said Martin Toscano, president of Evonik Mexico, at the Latin American Petrochemical and Chemical Association (APLA) Annual Meeting. Mexico is the 9th largest exporter globally and becoming one step closer to the 3rd largest auto parts manufacturer. It is also the leading business partner to the US, he pointed out. Currently over 80% of Mexico’s exports are to the US, totaling $455 billion in 2023. The US now imports more from Mexico than from China. The US in turn exported $324 billion of goods to Mexico, he noted. Key Mexico exports to the US include transport equipment (including autos and parts), medical and scientific instruments, electronics, machinery, and rubber and plastic. TRUMP IMPACT ON NEARSHORING “Trump 47 (referring to the upcoming 47th US President) is not going to be that different from 45 (last Trump administration). US and Mexico interests go beyond rhetoric,” said Toscano. “No region is an island – they rely on net inflows. The world is too interconnected to just switch off. Economies depend on exports but also imports,” he added, pointing out that the US is unlikely to reshore everything. Nearshoring is natural for Mexico because of its proximity to the US and the USMCA (US-Mexico-Canada Agreement) free trade agreement (FTA). But nearshoring is also distributed across Latin America, with other countries such as Brazil and Argentina ready to play greater roles, he pointed out. US President-Elect Trump has threatened companies – both in the US and abroad – that move production to Mexico to export to the US, with tariffs. However, the US holds over 40% of total foreign direct investment (FDI) in Mexico, making it a major stakeholder in Mexico exports, he noted. “The US has a very important role… but there is also a significant European presence. There is a continuing diversification of the investment base,” said Toscano. Mexico also has FTAs with 23 countries – the 7th most of any country in the world – with access to over 60% of global GDP. This as well as increasing government investment in infrastructure and a growing middle class make it an attractive market for investment, he pointed out. “All this investment in Mexico has generated greater well-being – better jobs and income. This means people start consuming more for basic needs – food, protein, personal care products, cleaning products and household items,” said Toscano. The executive also sees a boost for US economy with the incoming Trump administration. “Simplifying regulations can be good. It can turn to a negotiation point when USMCA sunsets [in 2026]. This can make Mexico adopt certain [simplified] regulatory elements,” said Toscano. “With the Trump administration, Mexico has to take some topics seriously. Nearshoring is a window of opportunity, and if we don’t know how to do it, we will lose,” he added. RULES OF ORIGIN, DEAL-BASED WORLD At the APLA Annua Meeting, former head of Argentina’s central bank and current director of the Asia School of Business, Martin Redrado, said Mexico should be prepared for the US being much stricter on its “rules of origin”. Under the USMCA rules of origin, exporters must show that a product has a certain minimum percentage of components from the region (US, Mexico, Canada) to avoid import duties. Redrado said Latin American countries should now follow a transactional policy as we move from a “rule-based world to deal-based world”. This requires a transactional approach to negotiations. The 44th APLA annual meeting takes place 18-21 November in Cartagena, Colombia. Focus article by Joseph Chang Thumbnail shows the flag of Mexico. Image by Shutterstock.

LONDON (ICIS)–Construction activity in both the eurozone and EU tracked a mild decline compared to the previous month, according to the latest official data on Wednesday. Production fell by 0.1% in both the eurozone and wider EU compared to August, accounting for seasonal adjustment, with building construction the main lag on activity, falling 0.8% and 0.9% respectively. Monthly losses were offset by gains in civil engineering activity (up 1.4% in the eurozone and 0.6% in the EU). Specialised construction activity fell 0.4% and 0.2% respectively. Compared to a year prior, overall production construction fell by 1.6% in the eurozone and by 2.0% in the EU with declines consistent across all sectors. Building construction accounted for the biggest decline in both blocs, falling by 1.6% and 2.7% respectively on September 2023’s output. Civil engineering activity fell by 0.5% in the eurozone and by 2.2% in the EU, with specialised building activity falling by 2.2% in the eurozone and by 1.9% in the EU. Numerous petrochemicals and specialty chemicals are key ingredients in products used for modern construction, including adhesives, ad-mixtures, sealants, coatings, paints, flooring, insulation and water proofing. (recasts, clarifying first paragraph)

LONDON (ICIS)–UK inflation rose in October to its highest level in six months, driven up by rising energy prices, according to official data on Wednesday. The consumer prices index (CPI) increased by 2.3% in the 12 months to October, up from 1.7% in September. Housing and household services, mainly electricity and gas prices, were the biggest factors pushing inflation higher, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) said. The UK’s inflation rate has trended down since October 2022, when it hit 11.1% in the wake of surging energy prices following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The Bank of England (BoE) cut its key interest rate twice this year as inflation eased, heading below its target of close to but not exceeding 2% in September. Eurozone inflation also increased in October, rising to 2% from 1.7% in September.